危廢暫存間怎么建？這份標(biāo)準(zhǔn)清單+建設(shè)指南請(qǐng)收好！

　　How to build a hazardous waste storage room? Please keep this standard checklist and construction guide safe!

　　危險(xiǎn)廢物的規(guī)范化管理是企業(yè)環(huán)保工作的重中之重，而貯存設(shè)施的建設(shè)更是基礎(chǔ)中的基礎(chǔ)。無(wú)論是新建、改建還是擴(kuò)建危廢貯存間，建議嚴(yán)格遵守國(guó)家相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范。今天，我們整理了危廢貯存相關(guān)的核心文件及詳細(xì)建設(shè)要求，建議收藏備用！

　　The standardized management of hazardous waste is of paramount importance in the environmental protection work of enterprises, and the construction of storage facilities is even more fundamental. Whether it is the construction, renovation, or expansion of hazardous waste storage facilities, it is necessary to strictly comply with relevant national standards and regulations. Today, we have compiled the core documents and detailed construction requirements related to hazardous waste storage. It is recommended to keep them for future use!

　　01核心文件速覽在開(kāi)始建設(shè)前，首先需要熟悉以下國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和技術(shù)規(guī)范：

　　Before starting construction, it is necessary to familiarize oneself with the following national standards and technical specifications:

　　建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存污染控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》GB18597-2023

　　Construction standard "Pollution Control Standard for Hazardous Waste Storage" GB18597-2023

　　標(biāo)識(shí)規(guī)范《危險(xiǎn)廢物識(shí)別標(biāo)志設(shè)置技術(shù)規(guī)范》HJ12762022

　　Identification Specification for Hazardous Waste Identification Signs HJ12762022

　　技術(shù)規(guī)范《危險(xiǎn)廢物收集貯存運(yùn)輸技術(shù)規(guī)范》HJ2025-2012

　　Technical Specification for Collection, Storage, and Transportation of Hazardous Waste HJ2025-2012

　　評(píng)價(jià)指南《建設(shè)項(xiàng)目危險(xiǎn)廢物環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)指南》

　　Evaluation Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Hazardous Waste in Construction Projects

　　02總體建設(shè)要求（7大要點(diǎn)）1 污染防治措施建議到位貯存設(shè)施應(yīng)根據(jù)危險(xiǎn)廢物的形態(tài)、物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)、包裝形式和污染物遷移途徑，采取必要的： 防風(fēng)、防曬、防雨 防漏、防滲、防腐 其他環(huán)境污染防治措施 重要提醒：嚴(yán)禁露天堆放危險(xiǎn)廢物！

　　02 Overall construction requirements (7 key points) 1. Pollution prevention and control measures must be in place. Storage facilities should adopt necessary environmental pollution prevention and control measures based on the form, physical and chemical properties, packaging form, and pollutant migration path of hazardous waste, including windproof, sun proof, rain proof, leak proof, anti-seepage, and anti-corrosion. Important reminder: It is strictly prohibited to stack hazardous waste outdoors!

　　2 分區(qū)存放，不相容廢物嚴(yán)格隔離根據(jù)危險(xiǎn)廢物的類(lèi)別、數(shù)量、形態(tài)、物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)等設(shè)置合理的貯存分區(qū)不相容（相互反應(yīng)）的危險(xiǎn)廢物建議分開(kāi)存放設(shè)置不滲透隔擋墻間隔：擋墻高度不低于墻面裙角廢物堆疊高度不超過(guò)擋墻高度目的：避免不相容廢物接觸、混合引發(fā)安全事故

　　2-zone storage, strict isolation of incompatible waste. Reasonable storage zones should be set according to the category, quantity, form, physical and chemical properties of hazardous waste. Incompatible (reactive) hazardous waste must be stored separately with impermeable barriers. The barrier height should not be lower than the wall skirt corner, and the stacking height of waste should not exceed the barrier height. The purpose is to avoid contact and mixing of incompatible waste, which may cause safety accidents

　　3 建筑材料要求嚴(yán)格貯存設(shè)施或貯存分區(qū)內(nèi)的以下部位建議采用堅(jiān)固材料建造，表面無(wú)裂縫：地面墻面裙腳堵截泄漏的圍堰接觸危險(xiǎn)廢物的隔板和墻體

　　3. Strict requirements for building materials: The following parts within the storage facilities or storage zones must be constructed with sturdy materials and have no cracks on the surface: the ground, walls, skirts, and feet that block leaks, cofferdams that come into contact with hazardous waste partitions and walls

　　4 防滲要求分級(jí)明確表面防滲：地面與裙腳應(yīng)采取表面防滲措施防滲材料應(yīng)與所接觸的物料或污染物相容可選材料：抗?jié)B混凝土、高密度聚乙烯膜、鈉基膨潤(rùn)土防水毯或其他等效材料

　　4. Classification of anti-seepage requirements: Surface anti-seepage measures should be taken for the ground and skirt feet. The anti-seepage materials should be compatible with the materials or pollutants in contact. Optional materials include anti-seepage concrete, high-density polyethylene film, sodium based bentonite waterproof blanket, or other equivalent materials

　　基礎(chǔ)防滲（危險(xiǎn)廢物直接接觸地面時(shí)）：防滲層為至少1米厚黏土層（滲透系數(shù)≤10 cm/s）或至少2mm厚高密度聚乙烯膜等人工防滲材料（滲透系數(shù)≤10 cm/s）或其他防滲性能等效的材料

　　Basic anti-seepage (when hazardous waste comes into direct contact with the ground): The anti-seepage layer is at least 1 meter thick clay layer (permeability coefficient ≤ 10 cm/s) or artificial anti-seepage materials such as at least 2mm thick high-density polyethylene film (permeability coefficient ≤ 10 cm/s) or other materials with equivalent anti-seepage performance

　　核心檢查：地面防滲漏層不得存在破損或開(kāi)裂！

　　Key inspection: The ground anti-seepage layer must not have any damage or cracking!

　　5 防滲防腐工藝一致性要求同一貯存設(shè)施宜采用相同的防滲、防腐工藝防滲、防腐材料應(yīng)覆蓋所有可能與廢物及其滲濾液、滲漏液等接觸的構(gòu)筑物表面采用不同工藝的，應(yīng)分別建設(shè)貯存分區(qū)

　　5. Consistency requirements for anti-seepage and anti-corrosion processes: The same storage facility should use the same anti-seepage and anti-corrosion process. The anti-seepage and anti-corrosion materials should cover all surfaces of structures that may come into contact with waste, leachate, and other liquids. If different processes are used, storage zones should be constructed separately

　　6 標(biāo)識(shí)標(biāo)牌規(guī)范設(shè)置危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存設(shè)施門(mén)上建議張貼：規(guī)范的危險(xiǎn)廢物警示標(biāo)識(shí)周知卡（含廢物名稱、數(shù)量、特性、應(yīng)急措施等信息）

　　6. Standard hazardous waste storage facility doors must be posted with standardized hazardous waste warning signs and information cards (including waste name, quantity, characteristics, emergency measures, etc.)

　　7 排水系統(tǒng)特殊要求不得連接市政雨污水管網(wǎng)貯存設(shè)施內(nèi)清理出來(lái)的泄漏物→按危險(xiǎn)廢物處理沖洗廢水→建議納入企業(yè)廢水處理設(shè)施，經(jīng)處理達(dá)標(biāo)后方可排放

　　7. Special requirements for drainage system: Do not connect to municipal rainwater and sewage pipeline storage facilities. Leaks cleared from the storage facilities must be treated as hazardous waste and flushed. The wastewater must be included in the enterprise's wastewater treatment facilities and can only be discharged after being treated to meet standards

　　03貯存庫(kù)建設(shè)要求（5大細(xì)化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）1 分區(qū)隔離措施貯存庫(kù)內(nèi)不同貯存分區(qū)之間應(yīng)采取隔離措施，可采用：過(guò)道隔板隔墻要求：接觸危險(xiǎn)廢物的隔板和墻體等應(yīng)采用堅(jiān)固材料建造，表面無(wú)裂縫

　　03 Storage Warehouse Construction Requirements (5 Detailed Standards) 1. Partition Isolation Measures: Isolation measures should be taken between different storage zones in the storage warehouse, which can include: aisle partition walls. Requirements for partition walls: partitions and walls that come into contact with hazardous waste should be constructed with sturdy materials and have no cracks on the surface

　　2 液體廢物貯存要求（關(guān)鍵！）設(shè)置導(dǎo)流槽及收集池：適用于：貯存液態(tài)危險(xiǎn)廢物，或通過(guò)貯存分區(qū)方式貯存液態(tài)廢物收集池非常小容積 ≥二者取較大值：對(duì)應(yīng)貯存區(qū)域非常大液態(tài)廢物容器容積液態(tài)廢物總儲(chǔ)量的1/10

　　2. Storage requirements for liquid waste (key!): Install diversion channels and collection tanks: suitable for storing liquid hazardous waste, or storing liquid waste through storage zoning. The minimum volume of the collection tank is ≥ the larger of the two: 1/10 of the total liquid waste storage capacity corresponding to the maximum liquid waste container volume in the storage area

　　滲濾液收集設(shè)施：適用于：貯存可能產(chǎn)生滲濾液的危險(xiǎn)廢物要求：收集設(shè)施容積應(yīng)滿足滲濾液收集需要

　　Leachate collection facility: Suitable for storing hazardous waste that may produce leachate. Requirements: The volume of the collection facility should meet the needs of leachate collection

　　3 廢氣收集處理要求適用情形：貯存易產(chǎn)生以下污染物的危險(xiǎn)廢物：粉塵VOCs（揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物）酸霧有毒有害大氣污染物刺激性氣味氣體

　　3. Requirements for exhaust gas collection and treatment Applicable situations: Storage of hazardous waste that is prone to produce the following pollutants: dust, VOCs (volatile organic compounds), acid mist, toxic and harmful air pollutants, irritating odor gases

　　設(shè)施要求：設(shè)置氣體收集裝置設(shè)置氣體凈化設(shè)施排氣筒高度應(yīng)符合環(huán)評(píng)要求需有廢氣監(jiān)測(cè)報(bào)告

　　Facility requirements: Install gas collection devices and gas purification facilities. The height of the exhaust pipe should comply with environmental impact assessment requirements and require a waste gas monitoring report

　　4 易燃易爆廢物貯存要求貯存易燃易爆危險(xiǎn)廢物的貯存庫(kù)應(yīng)配置：有機(jī)氣體報(bào)警裝置火災(zāi)報(bào)警裝置靜電接地裝置

　　Storage requirements for flammable and explosive waste: Storage facilities for flammable and explosive hazardous waste should be equipped with organic gas alarm devices, fire alarm devices, and electrostatic grounding devices

　　5 廢棄?；?劇毒品貯存要求特殊管理措施：設(shè)置防盜措施雙鑰匙封閉式管理專人24小時(shí)看管

　　5. Storage Requirements for Waste Hazardous Chemicals/Highly Toxic Chemicals Special Management Measures: Set up anti-theft measures Double key enclosed management with dedicated personnel for 24-hour supervision

　　04其他設(shè)施建設(shè)要求 貯存場(chǎng)（半開(kāi)放式）具有頂棚的半開(kāi)放式貯存設(shè)施設(shè)置液體導(dǎo)流和收集設(shè)施防止危險(xiǎn)廢物揚(yáng)散、流失設(shè)置徑流疏導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)，防止雨水沖淋

　　04 Other facility construction requirements: Storage site (semi open) with a roof. Semi open storage facilities with a roof should be equipped with liquid diversion and collection facilities to prevent the dispersion and loss of hazardous waste. A runoff diversion system should be set up to prevent rainwater from washing over

　　貯存池防滲層覆蓋整個(gè)池體位于室內(nèi)或具有頂棚（蓋）采取措施防止雨水、地表徑流等流入采取措施減少大氣污染物的無(wú)組織排放

　　The anti-seepage layer of the storage tank covers the entire tank body, which is located indoors or has a ceiling (cover). Measures are taken to prevent rainwater, surface runoff, etc. from flowing in, and measures are taken to reduce the unorganized discharge of atmospheric pollutants

　　貯存罐區(qū)設(shè)置在圍堰內(nèi)，且容積滿足要求落實(shí)防滲、防腐措施及時(shí)處理收集的廢液、廢水和初期雨水

　　The storage tank area is set up inside the cofferdam, and the volume meets the requirements. Anti leakage and anti-corrosion measures are implemented to timely treat the collected waste liquid, wastewater, and initial rainwater

　　05危險(xiǎn)廢物識(shí)別標(biāo)志制度要求識(shí)別標(biāo)志的設(shè)置涉及多個(gè)方面，具體應(yīng)嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行 《危險(xiǎn)廢物識(shí)別標(biāo)志設(shè)置技術(shù)規(guī)范》（HJ 1276—2022）：

　　The 05 Hazardous Waste Identification Mark System requires the setting of identification marks to involve multiple aspects, which should be strictly implemented in accordance with the Technical Specifications for the Setting of Hazardous Waste Identification Marks (HJ 1276-2022):

　　標(biāo)簽標(biāo)志示例：

　　Example of label symbol:

　　危險(xiǎn)特性：腐蝕性（C）、毒性（T）、易燃性（I）、反應(yīng)性（R）、感染性（In）。06附著式危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存分區(qū)標(biāo)志設(shè)置示意圖07危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存分區(qū)標(biāo)志08危廢貯存相關(guān)文件標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存間的建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)執(zhí)行----《危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存污染控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB18597-2023）。

　　Hazardous characteristics: corrosive (C), toxic (T), flammable (I), reactive (R), infectious (In). 06 Schematic diagram for setting zoning signs for attached hazardous waste storage 07 Hazardous waste storage zoning signs 08 Hazardous waste storage related document standards: Construction standards for hazardous waste storage rooms shall be implemented in accordance with the "Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Storage" (GB18597-2023).

　　規(guī)范：危廢標(biāo)志的規(guī)范-----《危險(xiǎn)廢物識(shí)別標(biāo)志設(shè)置技術(shù)規(guī)范》（HJ 1276—2022）；危廢收集、貯存涉及的規(guī)范-----《危險(xiǎn)廢物收集貯存運(yùn)輸技術(shù)規(guī)范》（HJ2025-2012）。

　　Specification: Specification for Hazardous Waste Identification Signs - Technical Specification for Setting Hazardous Waste Identification Signs (HJ 1276-2022); The regulations involved in the collection, storage, and transportation of hazardous waste - Technical Specifications for the Collection, Storage, and Transportation of Hazardous Waste (HJ2025-2012).

　　指南：涉及危險(xiǎn)廢物的環(huán)評(píng)內(nèi)容評(píng)價(jià)指南-----《建設(shè)項(xiàng)目危險(xiǎn)廢物環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)指南》。09危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存、利用、處置設(shè)施標(biāo)志

　　Guidelines: Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Hazardous Waste in Construction Projects - "Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Hazardous Waste in Construction Projects". 09 Signs for hazardous waste storage, utilization, and disposal facilities

　　10實(shí)用提醒及時(shí)關(guān)注標(biāo)準(zhǔn)更新：GB18597-2023是非常新版本，替代了舊版標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，建設(shè)時(shí)務(wù)必采用非常新版本因地制宜：以上為通用要求，具體建設(shè)時(shí)還需結(jié)合企業(yè)實(shí)際產(chǎn)生的危廢特性、數(shù)量、當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)保部門(mén)具體要求進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)驗(yàn)收把關(guān)：建設(shè)完成后，需經(jīng)環(huán)保驗(yàn)收合格方可投入使用日常維護(hù)：定期檢查防滲層、收集池、廢氣處理設(shè)施等是否完好，確保設(shè)施長(zhǎng)期有效運(yùn)行人員培訓(xùn)：操作人員應(yīng)熟悉危廢特性、應(yīng)急處理措施，掌握設(shè)施操作方法】

　　10 practical reminders to pay attention to standard updates in a timely manner: GB18597-2023 is the latest version, replacing the old version of the standard. During construction, it is necessary to adopt the latest version according to local conditions. The above are general requirements, and specific construction needs to be based on the characteristics and quantity of hazardous waste generated by the enterprise, as well as the specific requirements of the local environmental protection department for design acceptance. After the construction is completed, it must pass the environmental protection acceptance before it can be put into use. Daily maintenance: Regularly check whether the anti-seepage layer, collection tank, exhaust gas treatment facilities, etc. are in good condition to ensure long-term effective operation of the facilities. Personnel training: Operators should be familiar with the characteristics of hazardous waste, emergency treatment measures, and master the operation methods of the facilities

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