危險廢物亂放？這個柜子能救命

　　Is hazardous waste placed haphazardly? This cabinet can save lives

　　一、 使用危廢品暫存柜的必要性危險廢物（危廢）因其固有的腐蝕性、毒性、易燃性、反應(yīng)性和感染性等危險特性，若管理不當(dāng)，將對人體健康和環(huán)境安全構(gòu)成嚴(yán)重威脅。專用危廢品暫存柜的使用是危廢規(guī)范化管理體系中至關(guān)重要的一環(huán)。危廢暫存柜的法規(guī)依據(jù)：《危險化學(xué)品倉庫建設(shè)及儲存安全規(guī)范》DB11/755-2010,《危險化學(xué)品重大危險源辨識》GB 18218 ，《建筑設(shè)計防火規(guī)范》GB 50016 ，《危險化學(xué)品經(jīng)營企業(yè)開業(yè)條件和技術(shù)要求》GB18265，《化學(xué)品分類和危險性公示通則》GB13690,《安全標(biāo)志及其使用導(dǎo)則》GB2894，《危險廢物貯存污染控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》GB 18597，《建筑工程抗震設(shè)防分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》GB50223 ，《化工企業(yè)安全衛(wèi)生設(shè)計規(guī)定》HG20571，《化工建設(shè)項目環(huán)境保護(hù)設(shè)計規(guī)范》GB 50483，《建筑滅火器配置設(shè)計規(guī)范》GB 50140 ，《供配電系統(tǒng)設(shè)計規(guī)范》GB 50052，《建筑照明設(shè)計標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》GB50034，《爆炸危險環(huán)境電力裝置設(shè)計規(guī)范》GB 50058，《建筑物防雷設(shè)計規(guī)范》GB 50057，《安全技術(shù)防范系統(tǒng)建設(shè)技術(shù)規(guī)范第2部分：危險品存放場所》DB 33/T768.2 ，《安全防范工程技術(shù)規(guī)范》GB 50348，《視頻安防監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)工程設(shè)計規(guī)范》GB 50395 ，《石油化工可燃?xì)怏w和有毒氣檢測報警設(shè)計規(guī)范》GB 50493《工業(yè)建筑供暖通風(fēng)與空氣調(diào)節(jié)設(shè)計規(guī)范》GB50019，《常用化學(xué)危險品貯存通則》GB 15603 ，《化學(xué)品分類和標(biāo)簽規(guī)范第18部分：急性毒性》GB 30000.18，《火災(zāi)自動報警系統(tǒng)設(shè)計規(guī)范》GB50116，《危險化學(xué)品安全管理條例》國務(wù)院令第591號，《危險化學(xué)品目錄（2015版）實施指南（試行）》安監(jiān)總廳管三〔2015〕80號，《教育部辦公廳關(guān)于進(jìn)一步加強高等學(xué)校實驗室危險化學(xué)品安全管理工作的通知》教技廳[2013]1號，《安全技術(shù)防范系統(tǒng)建設(shè)技術(shù)規(guī)范第10部分：學(xué)校DB33/T768.10 ，《腐蝕性商品儲藏養(yǎng)護(hù)技術(shù)條件》GB 17915，《毒害性商品儲藏養(yǎng)護(hù)技術(shù)條件》GB 17916，《建筑地面設(shè)計規(guī)范》GB 50037，《屋面工程技術(shù)規(guī)范》GB 50345，《實驗室廢棄化學(xué)品收集技術(shù)規(guī)范》GB/T31190-2014 ，《易制爆危險化學(xué)品儲存場所治安防范要求》GA 1511—2018，《實驗室揮發(fā)性有機物污染防治技術(shù)規(guī)范》DB11/T 1736—2020;《危險化學(xué)品單位應(yīng)急救援物資配備要求》GB 30077；其必要性主要體現(xiàn)在以下方面：

　　1、 The necessity of using hazardous waste storage cabinets. Hazardous waste (hazardous waste), due to its inherent hazardous characteristics such as corrosiveness, toxicity, flammability, reactivity, and infectivity, if not managed properly, will pose a serious threat to human health and environmental safety. The use of dedicated hazardous waste storage cabinets is a crucial part of the standardized management system for hazardous waste. The regulatory basis for hazardous waste temporary storage cabinets includes: "Safety Code for Construction and Storage of Hazardous Chemical Warehouses" DB11/755-2010, "Identification of Major Hazardous Sources of Hazardous Chemicals" GB 18218, "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings" GB 50016, "Operating Conditions and Technical Requirements for Hazardous Chemical Trading Enterprises" GB18265, "General Principles for Classification and Hazard Disclosure of Chemicals" GB13690, "Guidelines for the Use of Safety Signs" GB2894, "Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Storage" GB 18597, "Classification Standard for Seismic Protection of Building Engineering" GB50223, "Safety and Health Design Regulations for Chemical Enterprises" HG20571, "Design Code for Environmental Protection of Chemical Construction Projects" GB 50483, "Design Specification for Fire Extinguisher Distribution in Buildings" GB 50140, Code for Design of Power Supply and Distribution Systems "GB 50052," Standard for Lighting Design of Buildings "GB50034, Design Code for Electrical Installations in Explosive Hazardous Environments GB 50058, Design Code for Lightning Protection of Buildings GB 50057, Technical Code for Construction of Safety Technology Prevention Systems Part 2: Hazardous Goods Storage Sites DB 33/T768.2, Technical Code for Safety Prevention Engineering GB 50348, Design Code for Video Security Monitoring System Engineering GB 50395, Design Code for Combustible Gas and Toxic Gas Detection and Alarm in Petrochemical Industry GB 50493, Design Code for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning of Industrial Buildings GB50019, General Rules for Storage of Commonly Used Hazardous Chemicals GB 15603, Classification and Labeling Specification for Chemicals Part 18: Acute Toxicity GB 30000.18, Design Code for Automatic Fire Alarm System GB50116, Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals, State Council Decree No. 591, Implementation Guidelines for the Catalogue of Hazardous Chemicals (2015 Edition) (Trial), General Administration of Work Safety [2015] No. 80, Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Education on Further Strengthening the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals in Higher Education Laboratories, Education Technology Department [2013] No. 1, Technical Specifications for the Construction of Safety Technology Prevention Systems Part 10: School DB33/T768.10, Technical Conditions for Storage and Maintenance of Corrosive Commodities GB 17915, Technical Conditions for Storage and Maintenance of Toxic Commodities GB 17916, Code for Design of Building Ground GB 50037, Technical Specification for Roofing Engineering GB 50345, Technical Specification for Collection of Laboratory Waste Chemicals GB/T31190-2014, and Technical Specifications for Easy Manufacturing Security and Prevention Requirements for Explosive Hazardous Chemical Storage Sites "GA 1511-2018, Technical Specification for Prevention and Control of Laboratory Volatile Organic Compound Pollution DB11/T 1736-2020; Requirements for Emergency Rescue Supplies in Hazardous Chemical Units GB 30077; Its necessity is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

　　法規(guī)合規(guī)性要求：

　　Regulatory compliance requirements:

　　根據(jù)《中華人民共和國固體廢物污染環(huán)境防治法》和《危險廢物貯存污染控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB 18597）等法律法規(guī)，產(chǎn)生危廢的企業(yè)建議建設(shè)符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的專用危廢貯存設(shè)施。

　　According to laws and regulations such as the Solid Waste Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China and the Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Storage (GB 18597), enterprises that generate hazardous waste must construct specialized hazardous waste storage facilities that meet the standards.

　　對于產(chǎn)生量不大的企事業(yè)單位，使用通過認(rèn)證的危廢暫存柜是滿足“分類存放、安全暫存”法規(guī)要求的非常經(jīng)濟(jì)、快捷的解決方案，避免因違規(guī)貯存而承擔(dān)法律責(zé)任和高額罰款。

　　For enterprises and institutions with small production volumes, using certified hazardous waste temporary storage cabinets is the most economical and efficient solution to meet the regulatory requirements of "classified storage and safe temporary storage", avoiding legal liability and high fines for illegal storage.

　　為了壯大科技型中小企業(yè)群體，增強科技型中小企業(yè)的科技創(chuàng)新能力，培育新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長點，省、市各級政府出臺了多項政策支持科技型中小企業(yè)發(fā)展。幫助企業(yè)深入了解政策內(nèi)容。控制風(fēng)險，保障安全：

　　In order to strengthen the group of technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises, enhance their technological innovation capabilities, and cultivate new economic growth points, provincial and municipal governments have introduced multiple policies to support the development of technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises. Assist enterprises in gaining a deeper understanding of policy content. Control risks and ensure safety:

　　1預(yù)防火災(zāi)與爆炸：易燃易爆類危廢存放于具有防火阻燃功能的暫存柜中，能有效隔絕外部火源并控制內(nèi)部火勢，為應(yīng)急處置爭取時間。

　　1. Fire and explosion prevention: Flammable and explosive hazardous waste is stored in temporary storage cabinets with fire and flame retardant functions, which can effectively isolate external sources of fire and control internal fires, and buy time for emergency response.

　　2預(yù)防火災(zāi)與爆炸：易燃易爆類危廢存放于具有防火阻燃功能的暫存柜中，能有效隔絕外部火源并控制內(nèi)部火勢，為應(yīng)急處置爭取時間。

　　2. Fire and explosion prevention: Flammable and explosive hazardous waste is stored in temporary storage cabinets with fire and flame retardant functions, which can effectively isolate external sources of fire and control internal fires, buying time for emergency response.

　　3避免中毒與健康危害：密閉性良好的柜體能阻隔有毒有害揮發(fā)性氣體（VOCs）的逸散，保護(hù)員工呼吸健康，改善工作環(huán)境。

　　3. Avoiding poisoning and health hazards: A well sealed cabinet can block the release of toxic and harmful volatile gases (VOCs), protect employees' respiratory health, and improve the working environment.

　　4物理防護(hù)：上鎖功能可以防止未經(jīng)授權(quán)的人員接觸，避免誤用、誤食或人為破壞，非常能有效防范兒童接觸，保障公共安全。

　　4. Physical Protection: The locking function can prevent unauthorized personnel from coming into contact, avoiding misuse, ingestion, or human damage, especially effectively preventing children from coming into contact and ensuring public safety.

　　5物理防護(hù)：上鎖功能可以防止未經(jīng)授權(quán)的人員接觸，避免誤用、誤食或人為破壞，非常能有效防范兒童接觸，保障公共安全。

　　5. Physical Protection: The locking function can prevent unauthorized personnel from coming into contact, avoiding misuse, ingestion, or human damage, especially effectively preventing children from coming into contact and ensuring public safety.

　　6規(guī)范化的危廢管理是現(xiàn)代企業(yè)履行環(huán)境社會責(zé)任（CSR）的重要體現(xiàn)，有助于提升企業(yè)的綠色、專業(yè)形象。

　　Standardized hazardous waste management is an important manifestation of modern enterprises fulfilling their environmental and social responsibility (CSR), which helps to enhance the green and professional image of the enterprise.

　　二、 危廢品暫存柜使用注意事項

　　2、 Precautions for using hazardous waste temporary storage cabinets

　　為確保暫存柜發(fā)揮其應(yīng)有作用，使用過程中建議嚴(yán)格遵守以下注意事項：《中華人民共和國固體廢物污染環(huán)境防治法》已由中華人民共和國第十三屆全國人民代表大會常務(wù)委員會第十七次會議于2020年4月29日修訂通過，自2020年9月1日起施行。

　　To ensure that the temporary storage cabinet plays its due role, the following precautions must be strictly followed during use: The Solid Waste Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China has been revised and passed at the 17th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on April 29, 2020, and will come into effect on September 1, 2020.

　　《固廢防治法》第二十條明確規(guī)定：產(chǎn)生、收集、貯存、運輸、利用、處置固體廢物的單位和其他生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營者，應(yīng)當(dāng)采取防揚散、防流失、防滲漏或者其他防止污染環(huán)境的措施，不得擅自傾倒、堆放、丟棄、遺撒固體廢物。第六章　危險廢物??第七十七條　對危險廢物的容器和包裝物以及收集、貯存、運輸、利用、處置危險廢物的設(shè)施、場所，應(yīng)當(dāng)按照規(guī)定設(shè)置危險廢物識別標(biāo)志。

　　Article 20 of the Solid Waste Prevention and Control Law clearly stipulates that units and other producers and operators that generate, collect, store, transport, utilize, and dispose of solid waste shall take measures to prevent scattering, loss, leakage, or other environmental pollution, and shall not dump, stack, discard, or scatter solid waste without authorization. Chapter 6 Hazardous Waste?? Article 77: Hazardous waste identification marks shall be set up in accordance with regulations for containers and packaging materials of hazardous waste, as well as facilities and places for collecting, storing, transporting, utilizing, and disposing of hazardous waste.

　　第八十一條　收集、貯存危險廢物，應(yīng)當(dāng)按照危險廢物特性分類進(jìn)行。禁止混合收集、貯存、運輸、處置性質(zhì)不相容而未經(jīng)安全性處置的危險廢物。

　　Article 81: The collection and storage of hazardous waste shall be classified according to the characteristics of hazardous waste. It is prohibited to collect, store, transport, and dispose of hazardous waste that is incompatible in nature and has not been safely disposed of.

　　第一百一十二條　違反本法規(guī)定，有下列行為之一，由生態(tài)環(huán)境主管部門責(zé)令改正，處以罰款，沒收違法所得；情節(jié)嚴(yán)重的，報經(jīng)有批準(zhǔn)權(quán)的人民政府批準(zhǔn)，可以責(zé)令停業(yè)或者關(guān)閉：

　　Article 112: Anyone who violates the provisions of this Law and commits any of the following acts shall be ordered to rectify by the competent department of ecological environment, fined, and have their illegal gains confiscated; If the circumstances are serious, with the approval of the people's government with approval authority, it may be ordered to suspend business or close down:

　?。ㄒ唬┪窗凑找?guī)定設(shè)置危險廢物識別標(biāo)志的；

　?。?） Failure to set up hazardous waste identification signs in accordance with regulations;

　　（二）未按照國家有關(guān)規(guī)定制定危險廢物管理計劃或者申報危險廢物有關(guān)資料的；

　?。?） Failure to develop a hazardous waste management plan or declare hazardous waste related information in accordance with relevant national regulations;

　?。ㄈ┥米詢A倒、堆放危險廢物的；

　?。?） Unauthorized dumping or stacking of hazardous waste;

　?。ㄋ模⑽ｋU廢物提供或者委托給無許可證的單位或者其他生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營者從事經(jīng)營活動的；

　?。?） Providing or entrusting hazardous waste to unlicensed units or other producers and operators for business activities;

　?。ㄎ澹┪窗凑諊矣嘘P(guān)規(guī)定填寫、運行危險廢物轉(zhuǎn)移聯(lián)單或者未經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)擅自轉(zhuǎn)移危險廢物的；

　?。?） Failure to fill out and operate the hazardous waste transfer manifest in accordance with relevant national regulations, or unauthorized transfer of hazardous waste;

　?。┪窗凑諊噎h(huán)境保護(hù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)貯存、利用、處置危險廢物或者將危險廢物混入非危險廢物中貯存的；

　?。?） Failure to store, utilize, or dispose of hazardous waste in accordance with national environmental protection standards, or mixing hazardous waste with non hazardous waste for storage;

　　（七）未經(jīng)安全性處置，混合收集、貯存、運輸、處置具有不相容性質(zhì)的危險廢物的；

　?。?） Collecting, storing, transporting, and disposing of hazardous waste with incompatible properties without proper safety measures;

　　（八）將危險廢物與旅客在同一運輸工具上載運的；

　?。?） Transporting hazardous waste and passengers on the same transport vehicle;

　?。ň牛┪唇?jīng)消除污染處理，將收集、貯存、運輸、處置危險廢物的場所、設(shè)施、設(shè)備和容器、包裝物及其他物品轉(zhuǎn)作他用的；

　　（9） Using places, facilities, equipment, containers, packaging materials, and other items for the collection, storage, transportation, and disposal of hazardous waste for other purposes without eliminating pollution treatment;

　?。ㄊ┪床扇∠鄳?yīng)防范措施，造成危險廢物揚散、流失、滲漏或者其他環(huán)境污染的；

　?。?0） Failure to take corresponding preventive measures, resulting in the dispersion, loss, leakage or other environmental pollution of hazardous waste;

　?。ㄊ唬┰谶\輸過程中沿途丟棄、遺撒危險廢物的；

　?。?1） Discarding or scattering hazardous waste along the transportation process;

　　（十二）未制定危險廢物意外事故防范措施和應(yīng)急預(yù)案的；

　?。?2） Failure to develop preventive measures and emergency plans for hazardous waste accidents;

　　（十三）未按照國家有關(guān)規(guī)定建立危險廢物管理臺賬并如實記錄的。第一百二十五條　液態(tài)廢物的污染防治，適用本法。也就是說：實驗室的廢液也適用于國家剛剛出臺的《固廢防治法》。這也就對我們實驗室、非常是化學(xué)實驗室、生物實驗室產(chǎn)生的大量廢液、固體廢棄物【使用過的廢舊藥品瓶、廢舊藥品、針劑、各類廢棄的玻璃制品（燒瓶、燒杯、量筒、量杯等）、各類滴定器具等】的產(chǎn)生、收集、存儲、運輸、利用、處置等閉環(huán)管理提供了法律依據(jù)。危險廢物貯存污染控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（GB18597-2001）：

　　（13） Failure to establish a hazardous waste management ledger and truthfully record it in accordance with relevant national regulations. Article 125: This Law shall apply to the prevention and control of pollution caused by liquid waste. That is to say, laboratory waste liquid is also subject to the newly introduced Solid Waste Prevention and Control Law of the country. This also provides a legal basis for the closed-loop management of the generation, collection, storage, transportation, utilization, and disposal of a large amount of waste liquid and solid waste generated in our laboratory, especially in the chemical and biological laboratories, including used waste drug bottles, waste drugs, injections, various waste glass products (flasks, beakers, measuring cylinders, measuring cups, etc.), and various titrators. Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Storage (GB18597-2001):

　　4.1 所有危險廢物產(chǎn)生者和危險廢物經(jīng)營者應(yīng)建造專用的危險廢物貯存設(shè)施，也可利用原有構(gòu)筑物改建成危險廢物貯存設(shè)施。危險廢物貯存設(shè)施的選址與設(shè)計原則

　　4.1 All hazardous waste producers and operators shall construct dedicated hazardous waste storage facilities, or convert existing structures into hazardous waste storage facilities. Site selection and design principles for hazardous waste storage facilities

　　6.1 危險廢物集中貯存設(shè)施的選址

　　6.1 Site selection of centralized storage facilities for hazardous waste

　　6.1.1 地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定，地震烈度不超過7度的區(qū)域內(nèi)。

　　6.1.1 In areas with stable geological structure and seismic intensity not exceeding 7 degrees.

　　6.1.2 設(shè)施底部建議高于地下水非常高水位。

　　6.1.2 The bottom of the facility must be higher than the highest groundwater level.

　　6.1.3應(yīng)依據(jù)環(huán)境影響評價結(jié)論確定危險廢物集中貯存設(shè)施的位置及其與周圍人群的距離，并經(jīng)具有審批權(quán)的環(huán)境保護(hù)行政主管部門批準(zhǔn)，并可作為規(guī)劃控制的依據(jù)。 在對危險廢物集中貯存設(shè)施場址進(jìn)行環(huán)境影響評價時，應(yīng)核心考慮危險廢物集中貯存設(shè)施可能產(chǎn)生的有害物質(zhì)泄漏、大氣污染物（含惡臭物質(zhì)）的產(chǎn)生與擴散以及可能的事故風(fēng)險等因素，根據(jù)其所在地區(qū)的環(huán)境功能區(qū)類別，綜合評價其對周圍環(huán)境、居住人群的身體健康、日常生活和生產(chǎn)活動的影響，確定危險廢物集中貯存設(shè)施與常住居民居住場所、農(nóng)用地、地表水體以及其他敏感對象之間合理的位置關(guān)系。

　　6.1.3 The location of hazardous waste centralized storage facilities and their distance from surrounding populations should be determined based on the conclusion of the environmental impact assessment, and approved by the environmental protection administrative department with approval authority, which can be used as the basis for planning and control. When conducting an environmental impact assessment of hazardous waste centralized storage facility sites, special consideration should be given to factors such as the possible leakage of harmful substances, the generation and diffusion of atmospheric pollutants (including odorous substances), and the potential risk of accidents. Based on the environmental functional zone category of the location, a comprehensive evaluation should be conducted to determine the impact on the surrounding environment, the physical health of residents, daily life, and production activities, and to determine the reasonable location relationship between hazardous waste centralized storage facilities and residential areas, agricultural land, surface water bodies, and other sensitive objects.

　　6.1.5 應(yīng)在易燃、易爆等危險品倉庫、高壓輸電線路防護(hù)區(qū)域以外。

　　6.1.5 Should be located outside of warehouses for flammable, explosive and other hazardous materials, as well as protected areas for high-voltage transmission lines.

　　6.1.6 應(yīng)位于居民中心區(qū)常年非常大風(fēng)頻的下風(fēng)向。

　　6.1.6 should be located downwind of the maximum annual wind frequency in the residential center area.

　　6.1.7 集中貯存的廢物堆選址除滿足以上要求外，還應(yīng)滿足6.3.1款要求。

　　6.1.7 In addition to meeting the above requirements, the location of waste piles for centralized storage should also meet the requirements of 6.3.1.

　　6.2 危險廢物貯存設(shè)施(倉庫式)的設(shè)計原則

　　6.2 Design principles for hazardous waste storage facilities (warehouse type)

　　6.2.1 地面與裙腳要用堅固、防滲的材料建造，建筑材料建議與危險廢物相容。

　　6.2.1 The ground and skirt legs must be constructed with sturdy and impermeable materials, and the building materials must be compatible with hazardous waste.

　　6.2.2 建議有泄漏液體收集裝置、氣體導(dǎo)出口及氣體凈化裝置。

　　6.2.2 There must be a leakage liquid collection device, a gas outlet, and a gas purification device.

　　6.2.3 設(shè)施內(nèi)要有安全照明設(shè)施和觀察窗口。

　　6.2.3 There should be safety lighting facilities and observation windows inside the facility.

　　6.2.4 用以存放裝載液體、半固體危險廢物容器的地方，建議有耐腐蝕的硬化地面，且表面無裂隙。

　　6.2.4 The place used to store containers for loading liquid and semi-solid hazardous waste must have a corrosion-resistant hardened floor and no cracks on the surface.

　　6.2.5 應(yīng)設(shè)計堵截泄漏的裙腳，地面與裙腳所圍建的容積不低于堵截非常大容器的非常大儲量或總儲量的五分之一。

　　6.2.5 A skirt foot should be designed to intercept leaks, and the volume enclosed by the ground and skirt foot should not be less than one-fifth of the maximum storage capacity or total storage capacity of the largest container for interception.

　　6.2.6 不相容的危險廢物建議分開存放，并設(shè)有隔離間隔斷。危險廢物貯存設(shè)施的安全防護(hù)與監(jiān)測

　　6.2.6 Incompatible hazardous waste must be stored separately and equipped with isolation partitions. Safety protection and monitoring of hazardous waste storage facilities

　　8.1 安全防護(hù)8.1.1 危險廢物貯存設(shè)施都建議按GB15562.2的規(guī)定設(shè)置警示標(biāo)志。

　　8.1 Safety protection 8.1.1 Hazardous waste storage facilities must be equipped with warning signs in accordance with the provisions of GB15562.2.

　　8.1.2 危險廢物貯存設(shè)施周圍應(yīng)設(shè)置圍墻或其它防護(hù)柵欄。

　　Surrounding hazardous waste storage facilities should be equipped with walls or other protective fences.

　　8.1.3 危險廢物貯存設(shè)施應(yīng)配備通訊設(shè)備、照明設(shè)施、安全防護(hù)服裝及工具，并設(shè)有應(yīng)急防護(hù)設(shè)施。

　　8.1.3 Hazardous waste storage facilities should be equipped with communication equipment, lighting facilities, safety protective clothing and tools, and emergency protective facilities.

　　8.1.4 危險廢物貯存設(shè)施內(nèi)清理出來的泄漏物，一律按危險廢物處理。

　　Any leaked materials cleared from hazardous waste storage facilities shall be treated as hazardous waste.

　　8.2 按國家污染源管理要求對危險廢物貯存設(shè)施進(jìn)行監(jiān)測。根據(jù)《危險化學(xué)品安全管理條例》國務(wù)院令第 591 號對儲存的危險化學(xué)品的種類和危險特性，在作業(yè)場所設(shè)置相應(yīng)的監(jiān)測、監(jiān)控、通風(fēng)、防曬、調(diào)溫、防火、滅火、防爆、泄壓、防毒、中和、防潮、防雷、防靜電、防腐、防泄漏以及防護(hù)圍堤。生產(chǎn)、儲存危險化學(xué)品的單位，應(yīng)當(dāng)在其作業(yè)場所和安全設(shè)施、設(shè)備上設(shè)置明顯的安全警示標(biāo)志。根據(jù)中國公共安全行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《易制爆危險化學(xué)品儲存場所治安防范要求》GA 1511—2018，對易制爆危險化學(xué)品儲存場所治安防范要求，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了易制爆危險化學(xué)品儲存場所的分類、防護(hù)區(qū)域和部位、人力防范要求、實體防范要求、技術(shù)防范要求和安全防范系統(tǒng)的檢驗、驗收、運行與維護(hù)。根據(jù)《屋面工程技術(shù)規(guī)范》GB50345-2012，對屋面防水等級、設(shè)防要求、排水等選用的防水層、保溫層接縫密封防水等材料的要求。

　　8.2 Monitor hazardous waste storage facilities in accordance with national pollution source management requirements. According to the Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals (State Council Order No. 591), corresponding monitoring, surveillance, ventilation, sun protection, temperature control, fire prevention, fire extinguishing, explosion prevention, pressure relief, gas prevention, neutralization, moisture prevention, lightning protection, anti-static, anti-corrosion, leak prevention, and protective embankments shall be set up in the workplace to determine the types and hazardous characteristics of stored hazardous chemicals. Units that produce and store hazardous chemicals shall set up clear safety warning signs on their workplaces, safety facilities, and equipment. According to the Chinese public safety industry standard "Security and Prevention Requirements for Storage Sites of Explosive Hazardous Chemicals" GA 1511-2018, the standard specifies the classification, protection areas and locations, human prevention requirements, physical prevention requirements, technical prevention requirements, and inspection, acceptance, operation, and maintenance of security and prevention systems for storage sites of explosive hazardous chemicals. According to the "Technical Code for Roof Engineering" GB50345-2012, the requirements for the selection of waterproof layer, insulation layer, joint sealing and waterproofing materials for roof waterproofing grade, fortification requirements, drainage, etc.

　　（一） 管理注意事項：

　?。?） Management precautions:

　　明確標(biāo)識：

　　Clear identification:

　　柜體外部建議張貼清晰、持久的“危險廢物”警示標(biāo)識和相應(yīng)的危廢類型標(biāo)識（如易燃、腐蝕、有毒等）。

　　Clear and durable "hazardous waste" warning signs and corresponding hazardous waste type labels (such as flammable, corrosive, toxic, etc.) must be posted on the outside of the cabinet.

　　柜內(nèi)應(yīng)放置或懸掛所有存放危廢品的清單，明確記錄廢物種類、數(shù)量、入庫時間、責(zé)任人等信息。

　　A list of all hazardous waste products should be placed or hung inside the cabinet, clearly recording information such as waste type, quantity, storage time, and responsible person.

　　分類存放：嚴(yán)禁混放！不同類別、性質(zhì)相抵觸或滅火方式不同的危廢建議分柜或分區(qū)存放（例如：酸性廢物與堿性廢物、易燃物與氧化劑建議分開）。

　　Classified storage: Mixing is strictly prohibited! Hazardous waste of different categories, properties, or fire extinguishing methods must be stored in separate cabinets or zones (for example, acidic waste and alkaline waste, flammable materials and oxidants must be separated).

　　建議使用多個專用暫存柜，或選擇內(nèi)部有隔板的柜體以實現(xiàn)安全隔離。

　　It is recommended to use multiple dedicated temporary storage cabinets or choose cabinets with internal partitions to achieve safe isolation.

　　存量控制：

　　Inventory control:

　　暫存柜僅用于“暫存”，存放量不應(yīng)超過柜體設(shè)計容量和安全負(fù)荷。

　　The temporary storage cabinet is only used for "temporary storage", and the storage capacity should not exceed the designed capacity and safe load of the cabinet.

　　嚴(yán)格遵守法規(guī)關(guān)于危廢暫存時限的要求（通常不得超過一年），及時聯(lián)系有資質(zhì)的危廢處理公司進(jìn)行清運處置。

　　Strictly comply with the regulations regarding the time limit for temporary storage of hazardous waste (usually not exceeding one year), and promptly contact qualified hazardous waste treatment companies for cleaning and disposal.

　　專人負(fù)責(zé)：

　　A dedicated person is responsible for:

　　精選專人負(fù)責(zé)暫存柜的日常管理，包括入庫登記、日常檢查、鑰匙保管和人員培訓(xùn)。

　　Designate a dedicated person to be responsible for the daily management of the temporary storage cabinet, including warehouse registration, daily inspections, key storage, and personnel training.

　　（二） 操作與維護(hù)注意事項：1個人防護(hù)（PPE）：

　?。?） Precautions for operation and maintenance: 1. Personal protective equipment (PPE):

　　在存取危廢時，操作人員建議根據(jù)廢物的危險特性佩戴適當(dāng)?shù)膫€人防護(hù)裝備，如防化手套、護(hù)目鏡、防護(hù)服和呼吸器等。2安全操作：

　　When accessing hazardous waste, operators must wear appropriate personal protective equipment based on the hazardous characteristics of the waste, such as chemical resistant gloves, goggles, protective clothing, and respirators. 2. Safe operation:

　　存取物品后，應(yīng)及時關(guān)閉柜門并上鎖。

　　After storing and retrieving items, the cabinet door should be promptly closed and locked.

　　保持柜門開啟狀態(tài)的時間應(yīng)非常小化，以減少揮發(fā)性氣體的泄漏。

　　The time for keeping the cabinet door open should be minimized to reduce the leakage of volatile gases.

　　輕拿輕放，避免包裝容器在柜內(nèi)碰撞、破損。3泄漏應(yīng)急：

　　Handle with care to avoid collision or damage to packaging containers inside the cabinet. 3 Emergency response to leakage:

　　柜內(nèi)應(yīng)常備吸附棉、中和劑等應(yīng)急物資。

　　Emergency supplies such as absorbent cotton and neutralizing agents should be kept in the cabinet.

　　一旦發(fā)生泄漏，應(yīng)立即按照應(yīng)急預(yù)案進(jìn)行處理，用吸附材料覆蓋清理，并將吸附物作為危廢妥善處置。4定期檢查：

　　Once a leak occurs, it should be dealt with immediately according to the emergency plan, covered and cleaned with adsorbent materials, and the adsorbent should be properly disposed of as hazardous waste. 4 Regular inspections:

　　定期檢查防漏槽，確保其清潔、空置，有效可用。

　　Regularly inspect leak proof grooves to ensure they are clean, empty, and effectively usable.

　　建立每日或每周檢查制度，檢查內(nèi)容包括：柜體是否完好、鎖具是否有效、標(biāo)識是否清晰、有無泄漏跡象、防漏槽是否正常等。

　　Establish a daily or weekly inspection system, which includes checking whether the cabinet is intact, whether the locks are effective, whether the markings are clear, whether there are signs of leakage, and whether the leak proof groove is normal.

　　發(fā)現(xiàn)明顯問題應(yīng)立即停用并及時維修或更換。

　　If any problems are found, they should be immediately stopped and repaired or replaced in a timely manner.

　?。ㄈ?放置與環(huán)境注意事項：選址合理：暫存柜應(yīng)放置在遠(yuǎn)離火源、熱源、避免陽光直射的陰涼通風(fēng)處。

　　（3） Placement and environmental precautions: Reasonable site selection: The temporary storage cabinet should be placed in a cool and ventilated place away from sources of fire and heat, and away from direct sunlight.

　　地面要求：放置地面建議平整、堅固，并具備耐腐蝕條件。

　　Ground requirements: The ground must be flat, sturdy, and have corrosion resistance.

　　通道暢通：柜體周圍應(yīng)保持通道暢通，不得堆放雜物，確保緊急情況下人員能夠快速接近和撤離?？偨Y(jié)：危廢品暫存柜絕非簡單的儲物柜，它是企業(yè)環(huán)境、健康與安全（EHS）管理體系中的一道關(guān)鍵物理屏障。正確選用和規(guī)范使用危廢暫存柜，是企業(yè)合法經(jīng)營、保護(hù)員工健康、防范環(huán)境風(fēng)險、履行社會責(zé)任的必然選擇。請全體員工務(wù)必高度重視，嚴(yán)格遵守以上規(guī)定。

　　Smooth passage: The passage around the cabinet should be kept unobstructed, and no debris should be piled up to ensure that personnel can quickly approach and evacuate in emergency situations. Summary: The hazardous waste storage cabinet is not a simple storage cabinet, it is a key physical barrier in the enterprise's environmental, health, and safety (EHS) management system. The correct selection and standardized use of hazardous waste storage cabinets is an inevitable choice for enterprises to operate legally, protect employee health, prevent environmental risks, and fulfill social responsibilities. All employees must attach great importance to and strictly abide by the above regulations.

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