醫(yī)療廢物是指醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機構(gòu)在醫(yī)療、預(yù)防、保健以及其他相關(guān)活動中產(chǎn)生的具有直接或間接感染性、毒性以及其他危害性的廢物。根據(jù)《國家危險廢物名錄（2025年版）》，醫(yī)療廢物屬于危險廢物。醫(yī)療危廢暫存庫是醫(yī)療廢物在產(chǎn)生、收集和非常終處置之間的臨時貯存場所，是防止醫(yī)療廢物造成二次污染和疾病傳播的“非常后一道防線”。

Medical waste refers to the waste generated by medical and health institutions in medical, preventive, healthcare, and other related activities that has direct or indirect infectivity, toxicity, and other hazards. According to the National Hazardous Waste List (2025 Edition), medical waste is classified as hazardous waste. Medical hazardous waste temporary storage is a temporary storage site for medical waste between generation, collection, and final disposal. It is the "last line of defense" to prevent secondary pollution and disease transmission caused by medical waste.

醫(yī)療危廢暫存庫的建設(shè)有著嚴(yán)格的規(guī)范要求。根據(jù)《醫(yī)療廢物管理條例》，醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機構(gòu)建立的醫(yī)療廢物暫時貯存設(shè)施、設(shè)備應(yīng)當(dāng)達到以下要求：一是選址要求——應(yīng)當(dāng)遠離醫(yī)療區(qū)、食品加工區(qū)、人員活動區(qū)和生活垃圾存放場所，方便醫(yī)療廢物運送人員及運送工具、車輛的出入；二是安全措施——應(yīng)設(shè)置明顯的警示標(biāo)識和防滲漏、防鼠、防蚊蠅、防蟑螂、防盜以及預(yù)防兒童接觸等安全措施；三是分類存放——醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)及時收集本單位產(chǎn)生的醫(yī)療廢物，并按照類別分置于防滲漏的容器中；四是“四防”要求——危險廢物暫存需做到防風(fēng)、防雨、防曬、防滲漏。

The construction of medical hazardous waste temporary storage facilities has strict regulatory requirements. According to the Regulations on the Management of Medical Waste, temporary storage facilities and equipment for medical waste established by medical and health institutions should meet the following requirements: firstly, site selection requirements - they should be far away from medical areas, food processing areas, personnel activity areas, and domestic waste storage sites, to facilitate the entry and exit of medical waste transportation personnel, transportation tools, and vehicles; The second is safety measures - clear warning signs and safety measures such as leakage prevention, rodent prevention, mosquito and fly prevention, cockroach prevention, theft prevention, and prevention of child contact should be set up; Thirdly, classified storage - medical and health institutions should promptly collect medical waste generated by their own units and place it in leak proof containers according to categories; The fourth requirement is the "four preventions" - the temporary storage of hazardous waste must be windproof, rainproof, sun proof, and leak proof.

在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系建設(shè)方面，醫(yī)療危廢暫存庫的規(guī)范化建設(shè)正獲得越來越多的關(guān)注。遼寧省已發(fā)布《醫(yī)療機構(gòu)醫(yī)療廢物暫存間設(shè)計規(guī)范》（DB21/T 4178-2025），自2025年9月30日起實施，這是全國較早出臺的省級醫(yī)療廢物暫存間設(shè)計規(guī)范。該文件規(guī)定了醫(yī)療機構(gòu)醫(yī)療廢物暫存間選址要求、設(shè)計要求、建筑要求、設(shè)施設(shè)備要求。此外，醫(yī)療廢物暫時貯存柜（箱）建議與生活垃圾存放地分開，并有防雨淋、防揚散措施，同時符合消防安全要求。醫(yī)療廢物的暫存設(shè)施還應(yīng)配備消毒設(shè)施，定期對暫存場所和轉(zhuǎn)運工具進行消毒處理。危險廢物暫存間外墻及墻面設(shè)置貯存設(shè)施警示標(biāo)志牌，按照《醫(yī)療廢物專用包裝袋、容器和警示標(biāo)志標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（HJ421-2008）要求，各醫(yī)療危廢周轉(zhuǎn)箱上設(shè)有警示標(biāo)志。一個規(guī)范建設(shè)的醫(yī)療危廢暫存庫，是防止醫(yī)療廢物造成環(huán)境污染和疾病傳播的基礎(chǔ)保障。

In terms of standard system construction, the standardized construction of medical hazardous waste temporary storage warehouses is receiving increasing attention. Liaoning Province has released the "Design Specification for Medical Waste Storage Rooms in Medical Institutions" (DB21/T 4178-2025), which will be implemented from September 30, 2025. This is the earliest provincial-level design specification for medical waste storage rooms in China. This document specifies the site selection requirements, design requirements, building requirements, and facility equipment requirements for medical waste temporary storage rooms in medical institutions. In addition, temporary storage cabinets (boxes) for medical waste must be separated from the storage area for household waste, and have measures to prevent rain and scattering, while meeting fire safety requirements. The temporary storage facilities for medical waste should also be equipped with disinfection facilities, and the temporary storage site and transportation tools should be disinfected regularly. Warning signs for storage facilities shall be installed on the exterior walls and walls of the hazardous waste temporary storage room. In accordance with the requirements of the "Standard for Special Packaging Bags, Containers and Warning Signs for Medical Waste" (HJ421-2008), warning signs shall be installed on each medical hazardous waste turnover box. A standardized medical hazardous waste storage facility is the fundamental guarantee for preventing environmental pollution and disease transmission caused by medical waste.

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