1、共用尾氣排放和處置設(shè)施的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。企業(yè)生產(chǎn)裝置或罐區(qū)尾氣共用相同的管道等設(shè)施集中收集、集中排放，可能會(huì)使不同尾氣相互發(fā)生反應(yīng)，或尾氣串入其他儲(chǔ)罐并與儲(chǔ)罐中的物料發(fā)生反應(yīng)，帶來(lái)新的安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。同時(shí)，因是連通的管道系統(tǒng)，當(dāng)其中某一點(diǎn)發(fā)生火情，會(huì)引發(fā)整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的連鎖火災(zāi)或爆炸。

1. The risk of sharing exhaust emissions and disposal facilities. The centralized collection and discharge of exhaust gases from enterprise production facilities or tank areas using the same pipelines and facilities may cause different exhaust gases to react with each other or enter other storage tanks and react with the materials in the tanks, posing new safety risks. Meanwhile, as a connected pipeline system, a fire at any point can trigger a chain fire or explosion throughout the entire system.

2、RTO裝置運(yùn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。一是如果多裝置尾氣排放系統(tǒng)連通，多種氣體在RTO裝置中混合可能會(huì)發(fā)生反應(yīng)引發(fā)火災(zāi)爆炸。二是尾氣成分復(fù)雜，企業(yè)對(duì)尾氣的易燃易爆氣體組成、實(shí)時(shí)排放量缺少深入的分析，不能實(shí)時(shí)確定進(jìn)入系統(tǒng)的混合氣體是否達(dá)到了爆炸出眾，遇點(diǎn)火源易引發(fā)爆炸事故。三是裝置中有關(guān)設(shè)備設(shè)施采用易產(chǎn)生靜電的材質(zhì)，未設(shè)置有效的靜電消除設(shè)施，在運(yùn)行過(guò)程中易產(chǎn)生靜電引爆爆炸性混合氣體。筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)，部分企業(yè)的設(shè)計(jì)方案是采用碳鋼或不銹鋼材質(zhì)，但在改造施工時(shí)卻擅自變更為PP塑料材質(zhì)。四是尾氣管道未設(shè)置阻火器等安全設(shè)施，當(dāng)發(fā)生火災(zāi)時(shí)，會(huì)導(dǎo)致火焰回串至有關(guān)生產(chǎn)裝置或罐區(qū)，引發(fā)更加嚴(yán)重的火災(zāi)爆炸事故。

2. Risk of RTO device operation. One is that if multiple exhaust emission systems are connected, the mixing of multiple gases in the RTO device may cause reactions and trigger fires and explosions. Secondly, the composition of exhaust gas is complex, and enterprises lack in-depth analysis of the composition and real-time emissions of flammable and explosive gases in exhaust gas, which makes it difficult to determine in real time whether the mixed gas entering the system has reached the explosion limit. Encountering ignition sources can easily lead to explosion accidents. Thirdly, the equipment and facilities in the device are made of materials that are prone to static electricity, and effective static elimination facilities are not installed, which can easily generate static electricity and ignite explosive mixed gases during operation. The author found that some companies' design schemes use carbon steel or stainless steel materials, but they change to PP plastic materials without authorization during the renovation construction. The fourth issue is that the exhaust pipeline is not equipped with safety facilities such as flame arresters. In the event of a fire, it can cause flames to propagate back to relevant production facilities or tank areas, leading to more serious fire and explosion accidents.

3、尾氣吸收或VOCs治理項(xiàng)目施工風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。項(xiàng)目施工過(guò)程中，往往涉及動(dòng)火作業(yè)等特殊作業(yè)，如果特殊作業(yè)管理與承包商管理不到位，忽視尾氣吸收或VOCs治理項(xiàng)目設(shè)備設(shè)施中可能存在的易燃易爆氣體環(huán)境，作業(yè)前沒有進(jìn)行深入的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析，沒有采取必要的隔離、吹掃、可燃?xì)怏w分析等安全措施，貿(mào)然進(jìn)行動(dòng)火作業(yè)，非常容易引發(fā)火災(zāi)爆炸事故。尤其是當(dāng)儲(chǔ)罐或反應(yīng)設(shè)備尾氣管線連通排放，改造動(dòng)火時(shí)，雖然動(dòng)火點(diǎn)所在的儲(chǔ)罐或設(shè)備已置換、分析合適，但卻疏忽了在相連的尾氣管線上加盲板進(jìn)行隔離，導(dǎo)致動(dòng)火過(guò)程中其他儲(chǔ)罐或設(shè)備中的易燃?xì)怏w串至動(dòng)火的儲(chǔ)罐或設(shè)備，而發(fā)生閃爆。

3. Construction risks of exhaust gas absorption or VOCs treatment projects. During the construction process of a project, special operations such as hot work are often involved. If the management of special operations and contractors is not in place, and the flammable and explosive gas environment that may exist in the exhaust gas absorption or VOCs treatment project equipment and facilities is ignored, without conducting in-depth risk analysis before the operation, and without taking necessary safety measures such as isolation, purging, and combustible gas analysis, rashly carrying out hot work can easily lead to fire and explosion accidents. Especially when the tail gas pipeline of storage tanks or reaction equipment is connected and discharged, and hot work is carried out, although the storage tank or equipment where the hot work point is located has been replaced and analyzed appropriately, blind plates are neglected to isolate the connected tail gas pipeline, resulting in flammable gases from other storage tanks or equipment flowing into the hot work storage tank or equipment during the hot work process, leading to flash explosion.

4、電氣設(shè)備設(shè)施非防爆的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。尾氣吸收或VOCs治理項(xiàng)目施工中忽略了電氣設(shè)施防爆要求，在爆炸危險(xiǎn)環(huán)境中選用了非防爆電氣設(shè)備設(shè)施，存在引發(fā)火災(zāi)事故的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

4. The risk of non explosion proof electrical equipment and facilities. During the construction of exhaust gas absorption or VOCs treatment projects, the explosion-proof requirements of electrical facilities were ignored, and non explosion-proof electrical equipment and facilities were selected in explosive hazardous environments, which poses a risk of fire accidents.

5、易燃易爆物料罐區(qū)氮封異常的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。企業(yè)易燃易爆介質(zhì)罐區(qū)如果氮封系統(tǒng)異常，如氮封壓力不足、氮封系統(tǒng)停運(yùn)，導(dǎo)致儲(chǔ)罐內(nèi)進(jìn)入空氣形成爆炸性混合氣體，在尾氣排放時(shí)，爆炸性混合氣體擴(kuò)散到整個(gè)尾氣系統(tǒng)和RTO系統(tǒng)，易引發(fā)火災(zāi)爆炸。

5. The risk of abnormal nitrogen sealing in flammable and explosive material tank areas. If the nitrogen sealing system in the flammable and explosive medium tank area of the enterprise is abnormal, such as insufficient nitrogen sealing pressure or shutdown of the nitrogen sealing system, it will cause air to enter the storage tank and form explosive mixture gas. When the exhaust gas is discharged, the explosive mixture gas will spread to the entire exhaust system and RTO system, which is prone to fire and explosion.

6、易燃易爆物料罐區(qū)氮封異常的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。企業(yè)易燃易爆介質(zhì)罐區(qū)如果氮封系統(tǒng)異常，如氮封壓力不足、氮封系統(tǒng)停運(yùn)，導(dǎo)致儲(chǔ)罐內(nèi)進(jìn)入空氣形成爆炸性混合氣體，在尾氣排放時(shí)，爆炸性混合氣體擴(kuò)散到整個(gè)尾氣系統(tǒng)和RTO系統(tǒng)，易引發(fā)火災(zāi)爆炸。

6. The risk of abnormal nitrogen sealing in flammable and explosive material tank areas. If the nitrogen sealing system in the flammable and explosive medium tank area of the enterprise is abnormal, such as insufficient nitrogen sealing pressure or shutdown of the nitrogen sealing system, it will cause air to enter the storage tank and form explosive mixture gas. When the exhaust gas is discharged, the explosive mixture gas will spread to the entire exhaust system and RTO system, which is prone to fire and explosion.

7、污水處理設(shè)備密閉管理的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。含油污水池、污水處理系統(tǒng)實(shí)行封閉式管理，可能使可燃?xì)怏w積聚，易發(fā)生爆炸事故。生產(chǎn)車間密閉管理，可能會(huì)造成廠房?jī)?nèi)通風(fēng)不暢，使逸出的氣體出現(xiàn)積聚，易發(fā)生爆炸。

7. The risk of closed management of sewage treatment equipment. The closed management of oil contaminated water tanks and sewage treatment systems may lead to the accumulation of combustible gases and the risk of explosion accidents. The closed management of production workshops may cause poor ventilation in the factory, leading to the accumulation of escaping gases and the risk of explosions.